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Oesophagostomum  spp. are parasitic nematodes of mammals, including humans and other primates. To identify species and determine phylogeny, we analysed DNA sequences of adult and larval  Oesophagostomum  from wild chimpanzees in Bulindi, Uganda, which inhabit degraded forest fragments amid villages. Oesophagostome larvae and/or eggs from baboons in Tanzania and South Africa and from a Japanese macaque were also sequenced. Based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial cytochrome  c  oxidase subunit 1 gene ( Cox1 ) of mtDNA,  O. stephanostomum  and  O. bifurcum  were identified from chimpanzees. Bulindi is the second locality where molecular detection of  O. bifurcum  in wild chimpanzees has been made. While most  O. stephanostomum  had ITS2 genotypes recorded previously, three new genotypes were detected. Among four ITS2 genotypes of  O. bifurcum  from chimpanzees, one was identical to that from various monkey species in Kibale, Uganda, and baboons from Tanzania and South Africa; another was shared by a baboon from Tanzania. No genotype was identical with that of the cryptic species reported from humans and monkeys in Kibale. Phylogeny based on  Cox1  sequences of  O. stephanostomum  showed locality-dependent clades, whereas those of  O. bifurcum  formed clades composed of worms from different hosts and localities.

royal society open science

Molecular identification of <i>Oesophagostomum</i> spp. from ‘village’ chimpanzees in Uganda and their phylogenetic relationship with those of other primates

Molecular identification of Oesophagostomum spp. from ‘village’ chimpanzees in Uganda and their phylogenetic relationship with those of other primates