Structural features underlying recognition and translocation of extracellular polysaccharides | Zendy

Jochen Zimmer | Zendy

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Structural features underlying recognition and translocation of extracellular polysaccharides

Author(s) -

Jochen Zimmer

Publication year - 2019

Publication title -

interface focus

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1

H-Index - 49

eISSN - 2042-8901

pISSN - 2042-8898

DOI - 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0060

Subject(s) - polysaccharide , polymer , amphiphile , chemistry , cell wall , biophysics , macromolecule , chromosomal translocation , degradation (telecommunications) , biochemistry , biology , computer science , gene , copolymer , organic chemistry , telecommunications

Essentially all living systems produce complex carbohydrates as an energy source, structural component, protective coat or adhesive for cell attachment. Many polysaccharides are displayed on the cell surface or are threaded through proteinaceous tunnels for degradation. Dictated by their chemical composition and mode of polymerization, the physical properties of complex carbohydrates differ substantially, from amphipathic water-insoluble polymers to highly hydrated hydrogel-forming macromolecules. Accordingly, diverse recognition and translocation mechanisms evolved to transport polysaccharides to their final destinations. This review will summarize and compare diverse polysaccharide transport mechanisms implicated in the biosynthesis and degradation of cell surface polymers in pro- and eukaryotes.

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