Open AccessModelling of bone fracture and strength at different length scales: a review
Author(s) -
Fereshteh Sabet,
Ahmad R. Najafi,
Elham Hamed,
Iwona Jasiuk
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
interface focus
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 2042-8901
pISSN - 2042-8898
DOI - 10.1098/rsfs.2015.0055
Subject(s) - microscale chemistry , fracture (geology) , context (archaeology) , mesoscale meteorology , osteoporosis , computer science , bone fracture , bone structure , multiscale modeling , geology , bioinformatics , geotechnical engineering , biology , mathematics , biomedical engineering , medicine , paleontology , mathematics education , radiology , climatology , endocrinology
In this paper, we review analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength. Bone fracture is a complex phenomenon due to the composite, inhomogeneous and hierarchical structure of bone. First, we briefly summarize the hierarchical structure of bone, spanning from the nanoscale, sub-microscale, microscale, mesoscale to the macroscale, and discuss experimental observations on failure mechanisms in bone at these scales. Then, we highlight representative analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength at different length scales and discuss the main findings in the context of experiments. We conclude by summarizing the challenges in modelling of bone fracture and strength and list open topics for scientific exploration. Modelling of bone, accounting for different scales, provides new and needed insights into the fracture and strength of bone, which, in turn, can lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatments of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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