Open AccessThe Contribution of Angiogenesis to the Process of Metastasis
Author(s) -
Diane R. Bielenberg,
Bruce R. Zetter
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the cancer journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.825
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1540-336X
pISSN - 1528-9117
DOI - 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000138
Subject(s) - angiogenesis , lymphangiogenesis , metastasis , lymphatic system , medicine , neovascularization , disease , cancer research , immunology , cancer , pathology
The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth has been studied continuously for over 45 years. It is now appreciated that angiogenesis is also essential for the dissemination and establishment of tumor metastases. In this review, we focus on the role of angiogenesis as a necessity for the escape of tumor cells into the bloodstream and for the establishment of metastatic colonies in secondary sites. We also discuss the role of tumor lymphangiogenesis as a means of dissemination of lymphatic metastases. Appropriate combination therapies may be used in the future to both prevent and treat metastatic disease through the rational use of antiangiogenic and antilymphangiogenic therapies in ways that are informed by the current and future work in the field.