Open AccessPalm Oil and Beta‐palmitate in Infant Formula
Author(s) -
Bronsky Jiri,
Campoy Cristina,
Embleton Nicholas,
Fewtrell Mary,
Mis Nataša Fidler,
Gerasimidis Konstantinos,
Hojsak Iva,
Hulst Jessie,
Indrio Flavia,
Lapillonne Alexandre,
Molgaard Christian,
Moltu Sissel Jennifer,
Verduci Elvira,
Vora Rakesh,
Domellöf Magnus
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.206
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1536-4801
pISSN - 0277-2116
DOI - 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002307
Subject(s) - medicine , infant formula , palmitic acid , pediatrics , infant nutrition , infant feeding , cochrane library , gastroenterology , fatty acid , meta analysis , breast feeding , environmental health , population , biochemistry , chemistry , research methodology
ABSTRACT Background: Palm oil (PO) is used in infant formulas in order to achieve palmitic acid (PA) levels similar to those in human milk. PA in PO is esterified predominantly at the SN‐1,3 position of triacylglycerol (TAG), and infant formulas are now available in which a greater proportion of PA is in the SN‐2 position (typical configuration in human milk). As there are some concerns about the use of PO, we aimed to review literature on health effects of PO and SN‐2‐palmitate in infant formulas. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched for relevant studies on possible beneficial effects or harms of either PO or SN‐2‐palmitate in infant formula on various health outcomes. Results: We identified 12 relevant studies using PO and 21 studies using SN‐2‐palmitate. Published studies have variable methodology, subject characteristics, and some are underpowered for the key outcomes. PO is associated with harder stools and SN‐2‐palmitate use may lead to softer stool consistency. Bone effects seem to be short‐lasting. For some outcomes (infant colic, faecal microbiota, lipid metabolism), the number of studies is very limited and summary evidence inconclusive. Growth of infants is not influenced. There are no studies published on the effect on markers of later diseases. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to suggest that PO should be avoided as a source of fat in infant formulas for health reasons. Inclusion of high SN‐2‐palmitate fat blend in infant formulas may have short‐term effects on stool consistency but cannot be considered essential.