Open AccessMicrobiome–Epigenome Interactions and the Environmental Origins of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Author(s) -
Fofanova Tatiana Y.,
Petrosino Joseph F.,
Kellermayer Richard
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.206
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1536-4801
pISSN - 0277-2116
DOI - 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000950
Subject(s) - epigenome , inflammatory bowel disease , microbiome , medicine , ulcerative colitis , disease , dna methylation , etiology , monozygotic twin , twin study , epigenetics , immunology , bioinformatics , genetics , pathology , biology , heritability , gene expression , gene
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, has risen alarmingly in the Western and developing world in recent decades. Epidemiologic (including monozygotic twin and migrant) studies highlight the substantial role of environment and nutrition in IBD etiology. Here we review the literature supporting the developmental and environmental origins hypothesis of IBD. We also provide a detailed exploration of how the human microbiome and epigenome (primarily through DNA methylation) may be important elements in the developmental origins of IBD in both children and adults.