Open AccessGuarding the Green: Pathways to Stomatal Immunity
Author(s) -
Katja Sawinski,
Sophia Mersmann,
Silke Robatzek,
Maik Böhmer
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
molecular plant-microbe interactions
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.565
H-Index - 153
eISSN - 1943-7706
pISSN - 0894-0282
DOI - 10.1094/mpmi-12-12-0288-cr
Subject(s) - guard cell , abscisic acid , transpiration , biology , plant immunity , abiotic component , microbiology and biotechnology , botany , photosynthesis , arabidopsis , ecology , biochemistry , mutant , gene
Guard cells regulate plant gas exchange and transpiration by modulation of stomatal aperture upon integrating external cues like photosynthetic effective illumination, CO 2 levels and water availability and internal signals like abscisic acid (ABA). Being pores, stomata constitute a natural entry site for potentially harmful microbes. To prevent microbial invasion, stomata close upon perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and this represents an important layer of active immunity at the preinvasive level. The signaling pathways leading to stomatal closure triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses employ several common components, such as reactive oxygen species, calcium, kinases, and hormones, suggesting considerable intersection between MAMP- and ABA-induced stomatal closures, which we will discuss in this review.