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Based on a highway reconstruction project in southern China, this study aims to put forward a method to determine the proper treatment depth of the existing subgrade. First, some field tests including the Beckman beam deflection test and portable falling weight deflectometer (PFWD) test were carried out. The results showed that there was a good correlation between the Beckman beam deflection (L) and PFWD modulus (Ep). Subsequently, a subgrade section was excavated and backfilled with cement-stabilized soil in layers. Compaction test, dynamic cone penetrometer rate test, plate load test and Beckman beam deflection test were performed to evaluate the treatment effect. To make sure, the subgrade was treated deeply enough, the Beckman beam deflection (L) was used as the controlled indicator among all the measured indexes for it was the hardest metric to meet. According to the design deflection and decreasing law of the measured deflections with the different number of the stabilized layers, the treatment depth was finally determined. As the PFWD test is superior to the deflection test in the detection efficiency, and the deflection value can be calculated from PFWD modulus by correlation formulas, thus the latter index can be used as a more suitable parameter for estimating the treatment depth instead of the former. Consequently, based on the measured PFWD moduli of the existing subgrade, six treatment schemes considering different treatment depths were proposed. It was confirmed that the method developed from this study is feasible and worth being extensively applied.

Using portable falling weight deflectometer to determine treatment depth of subgrades in highway reconstruction of Southern China