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This laboratory has shown that the third isoform of metallothionein (MT-3) is expressed in the human kidney in situ, including the cells of the proximal tubule. A subsequent analysis of MT-3 expression in cell cultures derived from the human proximal tubule (HPT) demonstrated that mortal HPT cells expressed MT-3, while the HPV-immortalized HK-2 cells had no expression of MT-3. In the present study, the effect of MT-3 expression on Cd(+2)-induced cytotoxicity was determined by stable transfection of the MT-3 coding sequence into the HK-2 cell line. The results demonstrated that HK-2 cells stably transfected with MT-3 were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of Cd(+2). Furthermore, this increase in Cd(+2)-induced cytotoxicity was correlated to an alteration in the mechanism of cell death, being changed from an apoptotic mechanism in cells not expressing the MT-3 gene to a necrotic mechanism in cells expressing the MT-3 gene. The present study provides evidence that MT-3 could play a role in controlling the choice between apoptosis and necrosis in multiple epithelial cell types of the human kidney.

toxicological sciences

Expression of Metallothionein Isoform 3 (MT-3) Determines the Choice between Apoptotic or Necrotic Cell Death in Cd+2-Exposed Human Proximal Tubule Cells