Open AccessAssessment of dermal absorption of aluminium from a representative antiperspirant formulation using a (26Al)Al microtracer approach: a follow-up study in humans
Author(s) -
Rianne de Ligt,
Joost Westerhout,
Dimitri Grossouw,
Thomas P. Buters,
Robert Rißmann,
Jacobus Burggraaf,
Albert D. Windhorst,
S. Tozer,
Gerlinde Pappa,
B. Wall,
Dagmar Bury,
David R. Mason,
Wouter H. J. Vaes
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
toxicology research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.709
H-Index - 31
eISSN - 2045-4538
pISSN - 2045-452X
DOI - 10.1093/toxres/tfac029
Subject(s) - aluminium , bioavailability , urine , excretion , chemistry , absorption (acoustics) , detection limit , penetration (warfare) , fraction (chemistry) , chromatography , materials science , pharmacology , medicine , mathematics , composite material , organic chemistry , biochemistry , operations research
A follow-up study was performed in 12 healthy women to evaluate systemic exposure to aluminium following topical application of a representative antiperspirant formulation under real-life use conditions (part A) and to assess the local fate of topically applied aluminium by taking additional tape strips and skin biopsies (Part B). A simple roll-on formulation, containing the maximal possible radioactive dose, was prepared with [ 26 Al] aluminium-labeled chlorohydrate (ACH). The microtracer of [ 26 Al] was used to distinguish aluminium from the natural background, using accelerator mass spectrometry. [ 26 Al] aluminiumcitrate was administered intravenously to estimate the dermal fraction absorbed. Despite the 25-fold increase of the topical dose compared with the previous study, only 12 blood samples gave results above the lower limit of quantitation (0.118 fg/mL). The most reliable estimates of the dermal fraction absorbed are derived from noncompartmental analysis with the urine data. By using the intravenous dose to normalize the urinary excretion to 100% bioavailability, the best estimate of the fraction absorbed of [ 26 Al] from a topical application of [ 26 Al]-aluminium-labeled chlorohydrate in an antiperspirant formulation was 0.00052%. Part B of the study demonstrated that the majority of the aluminium in the formulation remained associated with the external layers of the skin without penetration through the skin.