Real-Time Sleep–Wake Scoring in the Rat Using a Single EEG Channel

A new method of analysis of sleep in the rat based on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) is described. Three states, awake (W), nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are automatically classified by the system. After amplification of the ECoG over a restricted bandwidth (3.18-25 Hz) and sampling at 512 Hz, the data are processed in 8-second epochs by a microcomputer, which generates three statistical and two harmonic variables. Each 8-second epoch is thus compressed into five numerical values occupying 10 bytes of memory. Epochs for each state of vigilance are identified by an expert observer to produce three reference models. The program classifies each epoch into the appropriate state by the least quadratic distance. The system was validated by comparing the results with a visual analysis of polygraph recordings. The agreement between the program and the two independent scorers for 24-hour tracings of six rats was 83% for REM sleep, 96% for W and 97% for NREM sleep.