Correlations Between Cardiorespiratory Measures in Normal Infants and Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Coordination between physiological measures (i.e., the tendency for measures to co-vary with each other) develops with maturation in the infant. We hypothesized that correlations between cardiorespiratory measures would increase with maturation in normal infants and that infants destined to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) would show lower correlations than those of age-matched controls. Twenty-two recordings of electrocardiogram and respiratory movements were obtained from infants who subsequently succumbed to SIDS and compared with 66 recordings from control infants. Each 1-min epoch of data was sleep-state classified. Median heart and respiratory rate, respiratory variability, and median extent of three types of heart rate variation were determined for each epoch, and the minute-by-minute correlations between seven pairs of parameters were determined for quiet sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, and waking in each recording. Most cardiorespiratory measures showed correlations that increased with age; the correlation coefficients for these measures tended to be lower in SIDS victims than in controls prior to 2 weeks of age. The correlations between heart rate and heart rate variability became lower with maturation; correlations between these measures tended to be higher in the SIDS victims. In all analyses showing significant maturational trends, the SIDS victims showed "less mature" correlations than those of the controls.