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Fundamental and clinical experts from Japan, Korea and China, warmly gathered on the beautiful ice and snow city—Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, China—during 23-26 January 2015, to present their research findings and participated in discussion relating to progress in biomaterials, stem cells and bone tissue engineering. The International Symposium on Recent Trend of Biomaterials and Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE 2015) was hosted by the Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and co-organized by the Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University. It provided a new platform of academic and technological communication for fundamental researchers and orthopedic surgeons to express their diverse ideas and inspiring new cooperation.The field of tissue engineering has emerged as an important approach to the clinical therapy of damaged bone due to trauma, tumor resections or congenital anomalies [1–3]. Besides bone forming cells and growth factors, we have profoundly recognized that the development of bone tissue engineering is directly related to changes in materials technology [4, 5]. However, after experiencing the rapid development of bone tissue engineering over the past several decades, we still currently face a tremendous challenge to design a new platform that can integrate bioscaffolds and growth factors or stem cells into biomimetic bone substitutes with new technologies for reconstruction of large-size orthopedic defects [6, 7].The participants focused on discussing the recent development of synthetic or natural bioscaffolds that can provide 3D architecture [8, 9], appropriate topography and suitable surface chemistry [7, 10, 11], as well as enough mechanical strength [12, 13], which can encourage desired cellular activities and guide bone tissue regeneration. The introduction of bioactive molecules into 3D porous scaffolds physically or chemically to mimic the in vivo microenvironment is a promising strategy for tissue engineering and stem cell research [14]. A series of engineered binding growth factors [14–16] or peptides [17] have been designed and employed to study the biomaterial-stem cell interactions and to direct stem cell behaviors. Genetic tissue engineering was developed by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reinforced with gene-transfecting for local delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) [18, 19]. The post-materials technology, or named offline materials technology, is also proposed in the symposium for researchers and surgeons to focus on the research of combination of current material products and clinical available resources, which will broaden and accelerate the clinical application of current material products.We made a concise report on this symposium, and some comments of the key speakers in the symposium were presented. We hope that their comments can arouse further interests of readers in discussing future strategies of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Moreover, we believed that the frequent appointment of researchers and orthopedic surgeons may inspire more and more ideas in the development of future clinical products of tissue engineering for orthopedic application.

regenerative biomaterials

Important topics in the future of biomaterials and stem cells for bone tissue engineering: Comments from the participants of the International Symposium on Recent Trend of Biomaterials and Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering at Changchun, China