Effect of water hardness on cardiovascular mortality: an ecological time series approach | Zendy

Iain Lake | Zendy; Louise Swift | Zendy; L. A. Catling | Zendy; Ibrahim Abubakar | Zendy; Clive E. Sabel | Zendy; Paul R. Hunter | Zendy

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Effect of water hardness on cardiovascular mortality: an ecological time series approach

Author(s) -

Iain Lake,

Louise Swift,

L. A. Catling,

Ibrahim Abubakar,

Clive E. Sabel,

Paul R. Hunter

Publication year - 2009

Publication title -

journal of public health

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.916

H-Index - 82

eISSN - 1741-3850

pISSN - 1741-3842

DOI - 10.1093/pubmed/fdp121

Subject(s) - guideline , hard water , ecological study , medicine , environmental health , environmental science , public health , ecology , biology , chemistry , pathology , population , organic chemistry

Numerous studies have suggested an inverse relationship between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular disease. However, the weight of evidence is insufficient for the WHO to implement a health-based guideline for water hardness. This study followed WHO recommendations to assess the feasibility of using ecological time series data from areas exposed to step changes in water hardness to investigate this issue.

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