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We determined the net rate of biogenic silica (bSiO 2 ) production and estimated the diatom contribution to new production and organic matter export in the Costa Rica Dome during summer 2010. The shallow thermocline significantly reduces bSiO 2 dissolution rates below the mixed layer, leading to significant enhancement of bSiO 2 relative to organic matter (silicate-pump condition). This may explain why deep export of bSiO 2 in this region is elevated by an order of magnitude relative to comparable systems. Diatom carbon, relative to autotrophic carbon, was low (&lt;3%); however, the contribution of diatoms to new production averaged 3 and 13% using independent approaches. The 4-old discrepancy between methods may be explained by a low average C:Si ratio (∼1.4) for the net produced diatom C relative to the net produced bSiO 2 . We speculate that this low production ratio is not the result of reduced C, but may arise from a significant contribution of non-diatom silicifying organisms to bSiO 2 production. The contribution of diatoms to organic matter export was minor (5.7%). These results, and those of the broader project, suggest substantial food-web transformation of diatom organic matter in the euphotic zone, which creates enriched bSiO 2 relative to organic matter within the exported material.

Net biogenic silica production and the contribution of diatoms to new production and organic matter export in the Costa Rica Dome ecosystem