Calc-Alkaline Magmatism at the Archean–Proterozoic Transition: the Caicó Complex Basement (NE Brazil)

International audienceThe Paleoproterozoic metaplutonic rocks of the Caico* Complex Basement (Serido* region, NE Brazil) provide important and crucial insights into the petrogenetic processes governing crustal growth and may potentially be a proxy for understanding the Archean^ Proterozoic transition. These rocks consist of high-K calc-alkaline diorite to granite, with Rb^Sr, U^Pb, Pb^Pb and Sm^Nd ages of c. 225^215 Ga. They are metaluminous, with high YbN, K2O/Na2Oand Rb/Sr, low ISr ratios, and are large ion lithophile elements (LILE) enriched. Petrographic and geochemical data demonstrate that they belong to differentiated series that evolved by low-pressure fractionation, thus resulting in granodioritic liquids.We propose a model in which the petrogenesis of the Caico* Complex orthogneisses begins with partial melting of a metasomatically enriched spinel- to garnet-bearing lherzolite (with high-silica adakite melt as the metasomatic agent), generating a basic magma that subsequently evolved at depth through fractional crystallization of olivine, followed by low-pressure intracrustal fractionation. A subduction zone setting is proposed for this magmatism, to account for both negative anomalies in high field strength elements (HFSE) and LILE enrichment. Mantle-derived juvenile magmatism with the same age is also known in the SaÐ o Francisco andWest Africa cratons, as well as in French Guyana, and thus the Archean^Proterozoic transition marks a very important continental accretion event. It also represents a transition from slab-dominated (in the Archean) to wedge-dominated post-Archean magmatism