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Background Depletion of naïve CD4+ T cells and elevated adaptive immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection. Higher proportions of memory CD4+ T cells are associated with prevalent diabetes in the general population, but few studies of persons with HIV (PWH) exist. Methods We analyzed data from 1532 PWH and 836 uninfected veterans in the longitudinal Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), which archived peripheral mononuclear cells from these veterans between 2005 and 2007. We used flow cytometry to phenotype CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including naïve, activated CD38+, senescent CD57+, total memory, and memory subsets. Prevalent diabetes (at blood collection) was identified in the VA electronic medical record using random glucose, hemoglobin A1c, ICD-9 codes, and medication. Cases were validated by two-physician chart review. We used multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, race/ethnicity, unhealthy alcohol use, hepatitis C, CMV status, and viral suppression stratified by HIV status to identify T-cell subsets associated with diabetes in PWH and uninfected. Results The cohort was 95% male, 68% African-American, and 22% diabetic. Higher CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells were associated with prevalent diabetes in the uninfected and in PWH (P = 0.03 and P = 0.07, respectively; Figure A). Among subsets, diabetes was associated with higher transitional memory CD4+ T cells in the uninfected (P = 0.01), but higher central memory cells (P = 0.02) and lower effector memory cells (P = 0.04) in PWH. T effector memory RA+ cells were not associated with diabetes. Lower senescent CD4+CD57+ T cells were associated with diabetes in both PWH and uninfected (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively; Figure B), but results for naïve CD8+ T cells diverged: diabetes was associated with higher naïve CD8+cells in PWH but lower in uninfected (P = 0.01 and P &amp;lt; 0.01, respectively; Figure C). We assessed interaction by HIV status in a pooled model, which was only significant for the naïve CD8+ T cells (P = 0.01). Conclusion The adaptive immune profile associated with prevalent diabetes was similar by HIV status and characterized by a shift in CD4+ T cells from senescent to memory phenotypes, suggesting that chronic immune activation contributes to the higher risk of diabetes in PWH. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

343. T-cell Subsets Associated with Diabetes in Veterans with and without HIV