Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness? | Zendy

Catharine Chambers | Zendy; Danuta M. Skowronski | Zendy; Caren Rose | Zendy; Gaston De Serres | Zendy; AnneLuise Winter | Zendy; James A. Dickinson | Zendy; Agatha N. Jassem | Zendy; Jonathan B. Gubbay | Zendy; Kevin Fonseca | Zendy; Steven J. Drews | Zendy; Hugues Charest | Zendy; Christine Martineau | Zendy; Martin Petric | Zendy; Mel Krajden | Zendy

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Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness?

Author(s) -

Catharine Chambers,

Danuta M. Skowronski,

Caren Rose,

Gaston De Serres,

AnneLuise Winter,

James A. Dickinson,

Agatha N. Jassem,

Jonathan B. Gubbay,

Kevin Fonseca,

Steven J. Drews,

Hugues Charest,

Christine Martineau,

Martin Petric,

Mel Krajden

Publication year - 2018

Publication title -

open forum infectious diseases

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.546

H-Index - 35

ISSN - 2328-8957

DOI - 10.1093/ofid/ofy211

Subject(s) - medicine , confidence interval , influenza vaccine , demography , vaccination , immunology , sociology

We investigated sex as a potential modifier of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) between 2010-2011 and 2016-2017 in Canada. Overall VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 55%) for females and 38% (95% CI, 28% to 46%) for males (absolute difference [AD], 11%; = .03). Sex differences were greatest for influenza A(H3N2) (AD, 17%; = .07) and B(Victoria) (AD, 20%; = .08) compared with A(H1N1)pdm09 (AD, 10%; = .19) or B(Yamagata) (AD, -3%; = .68). They were also more pronounced in older adults ≥50 years (AD, 19%; = .03) compared with those <20 years (AD, 4%; = .74) or 20-49 years (AD, -1%; = .90) but with variation by subtype/lineage. More definitive investigations of VE by sex and age are warranted to elucidate these potential interactions.

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