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Background.  Panton-Valentine leucocidin is a  Staphylococcus aureus  virulence factor encoded by  lukF-PV  and  lukS-PV  that is infrequent in  S aureus  bacteremia (SAB), and, therefore, little is known about risk factors and outcome of  lukF-PV / lukS-PV -positive SAB.    Methods.  This report is a register-based nationwide observational cohort study.  lukF-PV  was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Factors associated with the presence of  lukF-PV  were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Adjusted 30-day hazard ratios of mortality associated with  lukF-PV  status were computed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.    Results.  Of 9490 SAB cases, 129 were  lukF-PV -positive (1.4%), representing 14 different clonal complexes.  lukF-PV  was associated with younger age, absence of comorbidity, and methicillin-resistant  S aureus . In unadjusted analysis, mortality associated with  lukF-PV -positive SAB was comparable to SAB. However,  lukF-PV -positive SAB nonsurvivors were significantly older and had more comorbidity. Consequently, by adjusted analysis, the risk of 30-day mortality was increased by 70% for  lukF-PV -positive SAB compared with SAB (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.42;  P  = .003).    Conclusions.    lukF-PV -positive SAB is rare in Denmark but associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. Although the risk of  lukF-PV -positive SAB was highest in the younger age groups, >80% of deaths associated with  lukF-PV -positive SAB occurred in individuals older than 55 years.

Increased Age-Dependent Risk of Death Associated With lukF-PV-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia