The First Reported Case of Bordetella pertussis Bacteremia in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

We describe a case of bacteremia in a human immunodeficiency virus–infected patient caused by a Bordetella pertussis strain lacking 2 major virulence factors, filamentous hemagglutinin and fimbriae. Although B pertussis bacteremia is uncommon, physicians should be aware that even attenuated B pertussis strains can cause invasive infection in immunocompromised patients. Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative coccobacillus that causes a severe paroxysmal coughing disease known as whooping cough or pertussis. Bordetella pertussis colonizes the epithelial cells of the human respiratory tract, and the organisms are typically isolated from nasopharynx. We describe a case of B pertussis bacteremia in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Interestingly, the isolate recovered from blood culture did not produce the major virulence factors, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and fimbriae (FIM). Previously, 3 cases of B pertussis bacteremia were reported in the literature. We discuss the features of B pertussis bacteremia.