A Novel Program to Provide Drug Recovery Assistance and Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy in People Who Inject Drugs

Background Safe hospital discharge on parenteral antibiotic therapy is challenging for people who inject drugs (PWID) admitted with serious bacterial infections (SBI). We describe a Comprehensive Care of Drug Addiction and Infection (CCDAI) program involving a partnership between Intermountain Healthcare hospitals and a detoxification facility (DF) to provide simultaneous drug recovery assistance and parenteral antibiotic therapy (DRA-OPAT). Methods The CCDAI program was evaluated using a pre-/poststudy design. We compared outcomes in PWID hospitalized with SBI during a 1-year postimplementation period (2018) with similar patients from a historical control period (2017), identified by propensity modeling and manual review. Results Eighty-seven patients were candidates for the CCDAI program in the implementation period. Thirty-five participants (40.2%) enrolled in DRA-OPAT and discharged to the DF; 16 (45.7%) completed the full outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) duration. Fifty-one patients with similar characteristics were identified as a preimplementation control group. Median length of stay (LOS) was reduced from 22.9 days (interquartile interval [IQI], 9.8–42.7) to 10.6 days (IQI, 6–17.4) after program implementation (P < .0001). Total median cost decreased from $39 220.90 (IQI, $23 300.71–$82 506.66) preimplementation to $27 592.39 (IQI, $18 509.45–$48 369.11) postimplementation (P < .0001). Ninety-day readmission rates were similar (23.5% vs 24.1%; P = .8). At 1-year follow-up, all-cause mortality was 7.1% in the preimplementation group versus 1.2% postimplementation (P = .06). Conclusions Partnerships between hospitals and community resources hold promise for providing resource-efficient OPAT and drug recovery assistance. We observed significant reductions in LOS and cost without increases in readmission rates; 1-year mortality may have been improved. Further study is needed to optimize benefits of the program.