Oral Contraceptives and Cigarette Smoking: A Review of the Literature and Future Directions | Zendy

Alicia M. Allen | Zendy; Andrea H. Weinberger | Zendy; Reagan R. Wetherill | Zendy; Carol Howe | Zendy; Sherry A. McKee | Zendy

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Oral Contraceptives and Cigarette Smoking: A Review of the Literature and Future Directions

Author(s) -

Alicia M. Allen,

Andrea H. Weinberger,

Reagan R. Wetherill,

Carol Howe,

Sherry A. McKee

Publication year - 2017

Publication title -

nicotine and tobacco research

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.338

H-Index - 113

eISSN - 1469-994X

pISSN - 1462-2203

DOI - 10.1093/ntr/ntx258

Subject(s) - medicine , smoking cessation , craving , nicotine , abstinence , psychological intervention , mood , psychiatry , addiction , pathology

Evidence continues to mount indicating that endogenous sex hormones (eg, progesterone and estradiol) play a significant role in smoking-related outcomes. Although approximately one out of four premenopausal smokers use oral contraceptives (OCs), which significantly alter progesterone and estradiol levels, relatively little is known about how OCs may influence smoking-related outcomes. Thus, the goal of this review article is to describe the state of the literature and offer recommendations for future directions.

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