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The effects of even-aged forest management on wildlife have been studied extensively in the northeastern United States. The Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry recently adopted a new forest management practice termed "even-aged reproduction stands with reservation guidelines," hereafter termed EAR stands, which is intended to replace clearcutting as the primary method of even-aged forest management. We examined wildlife communities (breeding birds and small mammals) in 16 stands (8 EAR stands and 8 reference) in central Pennsylvania from February to October 1995. Species richness and abundances of total birds, foraging guilds, and individual species did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between large (&gt; 30) and small (&lt; 20 ha) EAR stands. Bird species richness was similar between EAR and reference stands, but abundances of total birds, ground-shrub foragers,common yellowthroats (Geothylpis trichas), and chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina) were significantly higher in EAR than in reference stands. Conversely, abundances of canopy-sallier foragers and red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus) were considerably higher (P &lt; 0.05) in reference than EAR stands. Abundance of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher in small compared to large EAR stands but was similar between EAR and reference stands. Because of the concerns about forest fragmentation, we recommend that EAR stands be less than 40 ha in size, which is typical of those created by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry. Overstory trees and snags in EAR stands serve as important substrates for breeding birds. Furthermore, EAR guidelines promote regeneration and growth of a dense layer of vegetation near ground level which is beneficial to wildlife. North. J. Appl. For. 16(2):89-95.

Wildlife Communities Associated with Even-Aged Reproduction Stands in Two State Forests of Pennsylvania