Nutcracker syndrome: intravascular stenting approach

The clinical syndrome caused by impingement of the left renal vein (LRV ) between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and abdominal aorta has been termed Nutcracker syndrome [1]. Although often asymptomatic, it may result in varicocele, ovarian vein syndrome, haematuria, flank or abdominal pain, LRV hypertension, and pelviureteral varices. Surgical approaches for Nutcracker syndrome include nephrectomy, nephropexy, renocaval reimplantation, or auto-transplantation. We satisfactorily treated a middle-aged man with Nutcracker syndrome accompanied by renal enlargement, persistent haematuria, proteinuria and hypertension with a new intravascular stent.