Replication-dependent histone isoforms: a new source of complexity in chromatin structure and function | Zendy

Rajbir Singh | Zendy; Emily Bassett | Zendy; Arnab Chakravarti | Zendy; Mark R. Parthun | Zendy

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Replication-dependent histone isoforms: a new source of complexity in chromatin structure and function

Author(s) -

Rajbir Singh,

Emily Bassett,

Arnab Chakravarti,

Mark R. Parthun

Publication year - 2018

Publication title -

nucleic acids research

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 9.008

H-Index - 537

eISSN - 1362-4954

pISSN - 0305-1048

DOI - 10.1093/nar/gky768

Subject(s) - biology , histone h2a , histone h1 , histone code , histone , histone methylation , replication timing , histone methyltransferase , chromatin , genetics , histone octamer , chromatin remodeling , histone h3 , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , nucleosome , gene expression , dna methylation

Replication-dependent histones are expressed in a cell cycle regulated manner and supply the histones necessary to support DNA replication. In mammals, the replication-dependent histones are encoded by a family of genes that are located in several clusters. In humans, these include 16 genes for histone H2A, 22 genes for histone H2B, 14 genes for histone H3, 14 genes for histone H4 and 6 genes for histone H1. While the proteins encoded by these genes are highly similar, they are not identical. For many years, these genes were thought to encode functionally equivalent histone proteins. However, several lines of evidence have emerged that suggest that the replication-dependent histone genes can have specific functions and may constitute a novel layer of chromatin regulation. This Survey and Summary reviews the literature on replication-dependent histone isoforms and discusses potential mechanisms by which the small variations in primary sequence between the isoforms can alter chromatin function. In addition, we summarize the wealth of data implicating altered regulation of histone isoform expression in cancer.

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