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In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, senescence is associated with major rearrangements of the mitochondrial DNA. The undecamer GGCGCAAGCTC has been described as a preferential site for these recombination events. We show that: (i) copies of this short sequence GGCGCAAGCTC are present in unexpectedly high numbers in the mitochondrial genome of this fungus; (ii) a short cluster of this sequence, localised in a group II intronic ORF, encodes amino acids that disrupt a protein domain that is otherwise highly conserved between various species; (iii) most of the polymorphisms observed between three related species, P.anserina, P.curvicolla and P.comata, are associated with the presence/absence of this sequence; (iv) this element lies at the boundaries of major rearrangements of the mitochondrial genomes; (v) at least two other short elements in the Podospora mitochondrial genomes display similar features. We suggest that these short elements, called MUSEs (mitochondrial ultra-short elements), could be mobile and that they contribute to evolution of the mitochondrial genome in the genus Podospora. A model for mobility involving a target DNA-primed reverse transcription step is discussed.

Contribution of Ultra-Short Invasive Elements to the Evolution of the Mitochondrial Genome in the Genus Podospora