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All of the 14 genes encoded by the cytoplasmic linear killer plasmids of Kluyveromyces lactis are preceded by upstream conserved sequences (UCSs), cis-acting elements involved in plasmid gene transcription. Using the bacterial glucose-dehydrogenase gene as a reporter, expression driven by seven cytoplasmic promoters was determined. The level of expression ranged from 0.5 to 6 nkat. The highest activity was displayed by UCS 6 of pGKL2 whereas the lowest level was obtained with UCS2 of pGKL2, all other values were in between. Sequences located 5' upstream the UCSs do not influence expression. As exemplified for UCS5 and UCS10, deletion led to an almost complete loss of expression.

Kluyveromyces lactis killer system: analysis of cytoplasmic promoters of the linear plasmids