Sensitivity of mouse oocytes to nicotine-induced perturbations during oocyte meiotic maturation and aneuploidy in vivo and in vitro

Oocyte meiosis is sensitive to endogenous and exogenous perturbations that upset the temporal sequence of biochemical reactions during oocyte maturation (OM) and predispose oocytes to aneuploidy. Nicotine is an alkaloid that has been reported to disrupt the rate of OM, reduce ovulation and fertilization rates, and increase diploidy. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that nicotine perturbs the rate of OM and induces aneuploidy in mouse oocytes in vivo and in vitro. Female mice were given 7.5 IU pregnant mare's serum and either 0, 5.0, 7.5, or 10 mg/kg nicotine in vivo at -3, 0, and +3 h relative to a 5 IU injection of HCG. Oocytes were also cultured in vitro in the presence of 0, 1.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mmol/l nicotine. In vivo, significant (P < 0.05) differences in the proportions of oocytes with premature centromere separation and premature anaphase were found at 10.0 mg/kg nicotine suggesting that the rate of OM was advanced. Also, at this dose the proportion of ovulated oocytes was reduced by approximately 50% relative to controls. In vitro, only non-significant differences were found among the parameters measured. Although nicotine reduced the ovulation rate and perturbed the rate of OM in vivo, these data show that the rate of aneuploidy was not significantly elevated.