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Sucrose synthase (SS), the key sucrose hydrolytic enzyme (EC 2.4.1.13), plays an important role in N(2)-fixing nodule metabolism. It has also been proposed that N(2) fixation in soybean nodules could be mediated by the potential to metabolize sucrose. The isolation and characterization of a nodule-enhanced SS full-length cDNA clone from the bean Phaseolus vulgaris is reported here. Southern blot analysis indicated that there are at least two SS genes in beans. Using a 3' specific probe from this SS cDNA clone, it was possible to identify a nodule-enhanced SS gene (PvSSn), which is expressed almost exclusively in nodules. A second gene (PvSS), which is expressed in all tissues tested, was detected using a coding region probe. Nodule-enhanced PvSSn transcript levels, but not the enzyme activity or protein amount, is reduced during nodule development. These data indicated that this reduction could be due to a limitation on the carbon availability in the nodule. PvSSn expression is reduced in the asparagine-treated nodules. By contrast, PvSSn transcript levels in nodules increased in the presence of glutamine, allantoin and allopurinol. This result suggests a relationship between ureide transport and SS regulation and could help in understanding why the ureide transport mechanism is activated during nitrogen fixation in bean.

Heterogeneity of sucrose synthase genes in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): evidence for a nodule-enhanced sucrose synthase gene