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Objective This study examined how the content of medical provider communication related to medication prescriptions influenced emerging adults’ (EA) medication-related cognitions and satisfaction with care. Methods In total, 257 EA (ages 18–25) were randomized to one of three audio vignettes depicting a medical appointment in which the EA imagined him/herself as the recipient of an oral antibiotic prescription. Provider communication content varied by vignette as follows: the positive outcome expectancy (POE) vignette focused on enhancing patient POE related to antibiotic use; the negative outcome expectancy (NOE) vignette focused on reducing patient NOE; and the standard care vignette focused on providing factual medication information. Following the vignette, participants self-reported on demographics, select medication-related cognitions, and provider satisfaction from vignette. Results Those in the NOE vignette condition reported higher provider satisfaction, perceived the provider to have given more information, and evidenced lower NOE and higher POE about the antibiotic compared with those in the other conditions. Intent to adhere did not vary by vignette condition. Conclusions Brief, provider-initiated communication focused on reducing patient NOE may have unique value in altering EA’s medication-related cognitions. Given that medication-related beliefs are known correlates of adherence, future research should replicate and expand these findings in the context of real-world medical encounters and through the utilization of objective indices of medication adherence to more fully understand the potential significance of provider language emphasizing reduction of NOE on medication adherence.

Influence of Provider Communication on Emerging Adults’ Medication Cognitions and Provider Satisfaction