Open AccessRoot Causes of African Underdevelopment
Author(s) -
Sambit Bhattacharyya
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of african economies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.835
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1464-3723
pISSN - 0963-8024
DOI - 10.1093/jae/ejp009
Subject(s) - underdevelopment , malaria , colonialism , root cause , ecology , development economics , root (linguistics) , economics , frost (temperature) , geography , natural resource economics , biology , economic growth , operations management , archaeology , immunology , linguistics , philosophy , meteorology
What are the root causes of Africa's current state of under-development? Is it the long history of slave trade, the legacy of extractive colonial institutions, or the fallout of malaria? We investigate the relative contributions of these factors using Atlantic distance, Indian Ocean distance, Saharan distance, Red Sea distance, log settler mortality and malaria ecology as instruments. The results show that malaria matters the most and all other factors are statistically insignificant. Malaria also negatively affects savings. The results are robust even when the malaria ecology instrument is replaced by frost, humidity and rainfall and when the latter are used as additional control variables. We find that frost alone is enough to knock off the effects of slave trade and institutions on long-term development in Africa. Copyright 2009 The author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.