Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones: target alterations, decreased accumulation and DNA gyrase protection
Author(s) -
Joaquı́m Ruiz
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.124
H-Index - 194
eISSN - 1460-2091
pISSN - 0305-7453
DOI - 10.1093/jac/dkg222
Subject(s) - dna gyrase , efflux , quinolone , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , antibacterial agent , biology , antibiotics , antibiotic resistance , chemistry , gene , escherichia coli , genetics
Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, commonly used in both clinical and veterinary medicine. Their extensive use has resulted in bacteria rapidly developing resistance to these agents. Two mechanisms of quinolone resistance have been established to date: alterations in the targets of quinolones, and decreased accumulation due to impermeability of the membrane and/or an overexpression of efflux pump systems. Recently, mobile elements have also been described, carrying the qnr gene, which confers resistance to quinolones.
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