Gateway reflexes, neuronal circuits that regulate the autoreactive T cells in organs having blood barriers | Zendy

M. Uchida | Zendy; Reiji Yamamoto | Zendy; Shiina Matsuyama | Zendy; Kaoru Murakami | Zendy; Rie Hasebe | Zendy; Shintaro Hojyo | Zendy; Yuki Tanaka | Zendy; Masaaki Murakami | Zendy

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Gateway reflexes, neuronal circuits that regulate the autoreactive T cells in organs having blood barriers

Author(s) -

M. Uchida,

Reiji Yamamoto,

Shiina Matsuyama,

Kaoru Murakami,

Rie Hasebe,

Shintaro Hojyo,

Yuki Tanaka,

Masaaki Murakami

Publication year - 2021

Publication title -

international immunology

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.86

H-Index - 134

eISSN - 1460-2377

pISSN - 0953-8178

DOI - 10.1093/intimm/dxab022

Subject(s) - reflex , neuroscience , gateway (web page) , homeostasis , immune system , neuronal circuits , central nervous system , stimulation , biology , blood–brain barrier , immunology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , computer science , world wide web

Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that maintain homeostasis of the immune system. They form gateways for autoreactive T cells to infiltrate the central nervous system in a noradrenaline-dependent manner despite the blood–brain barrier. This mechanism is critical not only for maintaining organ homeostasis but also for inflammatory disease development. Gateway reflexes can be regulated by environmental or artificial stimuli including electrical stimulation, suggesting that the infiltration of immune cells can be controlled by bioelectronic medicine. In this review, we describe the discovery of gateway reflexes and their future directions with special focus on bioelectronic medicine.

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