Energetic and economic savings of free cooling in different European climates

Free cooling is sometimes useful to face up not only ventilation load but also cooling load as well, taking advantage, directly or indirectly, of the enthalpy difference between inside and outside air in summer. The paper reports on the analysis of the energetic advantage of direct and indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) techniques conducted in summer in different European climates, in which external airflow is established by outdoor, indoor and inlet air enthalpies comparison. Psychrometric diagram has been divided into seven zones as a function of external air conditions; for each zone outside air flow control logic and obtainable free cooling effect have been developed and evaluated. As a function ofindoor conditions, outdoor conditions (expressed hourly by Typical Meteorological Year), inlet temperature, external ventilation air flow and building cooling load, energy savings with free cooling techniques have been calculated, considering water consumptions in the adiabatic saturators.Interaction of free cooling, sensible heat recovery and IEC allows very interesting seasonal cooling load reductions, with the additional advantage of decreasing the chiller cooling capacity. All the energetic advantages have been evaluated by an economic point of view, in terms of net present worth and discounted payback period of the investment