Representativeness is not helpful in studying heterogeneity of effects across subgroups

cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:1–68. 5. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP et al. Estimation of tenyear risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987–1003. 6. Rothman KJ, Gallacher JE, Hatch EE. Why representativeness should be avoided. Int J Epidemiol 2013;42:1012–14. 7. Young SS. Acknowledge and fix the multiple testing problem. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39:934–35. 8. Cole P. The hypothesis generating machine. Epidemiology 1993;4:271–73. 9. Schooling CM, Hui LL, Ho LM, Lam TH, Leung GM. Cohort profile: ‘children of 1997’: a Hong Kong Chinese birth cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2012;41:611–20. 10. Davey Smith G. Epidemiology, epigenetics and the ‘Gloomy Prospect’: embracing randomness in population health research and practice. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40:537–62. 11. Greenland S. Randomization, statistics, and causal inference. Epidemiology 1990;1:421–29.