z-logo
open-access-imgOpen Access
Commentary: Why are we biased against bias?
Author(s) -
Jay S. Kaufman
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
international journal of epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.406
H-Index - 208
eISSN - 1464-3685
pISSN - 0300-5771
DOI - 10.1093/ije/dyn035
Subject(s) - psychology , medicine
health behavior: some empirical evidence. Health Econ 2006;15:125–46. 55 de Walque D. Does education affect smoking behaviors? Evidence using the Vietnam draft as an instrument for college education. J Health Econ 2007;26:877–95. 56 Power B, Neilson S, Perry IJ. Perception of the risks of smoking in the general population and among general practitioners in Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2004;173: 141–14. 57 Fernandez E, Schiaffino A, Borrell C et al. Social class, education, and smoking cessation: long-term follow-up of patients treated at a smoking cessation unit. Nicotine Tob Res 2006;8:29–36. 58 Wills TA, Sandy JM, Yaeger AM. Stress and smoking in adolescence: a test of directional hypotheses. Health Psychol 2002;21:122–30. 59 Novak SP, Clayton RR. The influence of school environment and self-regulation on transitions between stages of cigarette smoking: a multilevel analysis. Health Psychol 2001;20:196–207. 60 Diez Roux AV, Merkin SS, Hannan P, Jacobs DR, Kiefe CI. Area characteristics, individual-level socioeconomic indicators, and smoking in young adults: the coronary artery disease risk development in young adults study. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:315–26. 61 de Vries H, Candel M, Engels R, Mercken L. Challenges to the peer influence paradigm: results for 12-13 year olds from six European countries from the European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach study. Tob Control 2006;15:83–89. 62 Kumar R, O’Malley PM, Johnston LD. School tobacco control policies related to students’ smoking and attitudes toward smoking: national survey results, 1999–2000. Health Educ Behav 2005;32:780–94. 63 Cook PJ, Hutchinson R. Smoke Signals: Adolescent Smoking and School Continuation (Working Paper No 12472) Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006. 64 Fersterer J, Winter-Ebmer R. Smoking, discount rates, and returns to education. Econ Educ Rev 2003;22:561–66. 65 van Oort FV, van Lenthe FJ, Mackenbach JP. Material, psychosocial, and behavioural factors in the explanation of educational inequalities in mortality in The Netherlands. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59: 214–20. 66 Blakely T, Wilson N. The contribution of smoking to inequalities in mortality by education varies over time and by sex: two national cohort studies, 1981-84 and 1996-99. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:1054–62. 67 Emery S, Gilpin EA, Ake C, Farkas AJ, Pierce JP. Characterizing and identifying ‘‘hard-core’’ smokers: implications for further reducing smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health 2000;90:387–94. 68 Chou CP, Montgomery S, Pentz MA et al. Effects of a community-based prevention program on decreasing drug use in high-risk adolescents. Am J Public Health 1998;88:944–48. 69 Sorensen G, Glasgow RE, Topor M, Corbett K. Worksite characteristics and changes in worksite tobacco-control initiatives. Results from the COMMIT study. J Occup Environ Med 1997;39:520–26. 70 Tengs TO, Osgood ND, Chen LL. The cost-effectiveness of intensive national school-based anti-tobacco education: results from the tobacco policy model. Prev Med 2001;33:558–70.

The content you want is available to Zendy users.

Already have an account? Click here to sign in.
Having issues? You can contact us here
Accelerating Research

Address

John Eccles House
Robert Robinson Avenue,
Oxford Science Park, Oxford
OX4 4GP, United Kingdom