Educational attainment and cigarette smoking: a causal association? | Zendy

Stephen E. Gilman | Zendy; Laurie T. Martin | Zendy; David B. Abrams | Zendy; Ichiro Kawachi | Zendy; Laura D. Kubzansky | Zendy; Eric B. Loucks | Zendy; Richard Rende | Zendy; Rima E. Rudd | Zendy; Stephen L. Buka | Zendy

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Educational attainment and cigarette smoking: a causal association?

Author(s) -

Stephen E. Gilman,

Laurie T. Martin,

David B. Abrams,

Ichiro Kawachi,

Laura D. Kubzansky,

Eric B. Loucks,

Richard Rende,

Rima E. Rudd,

Stephen L. Buka

Publication year - 2008

Publication title -

international journal of epidemiology

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 3.406

H-Index - 208

eISSN - 1464-3685

pISSN - 0300-5771

DOI - 10.1093/ije/dym250

Subject(s) - demography , medicine , sibling , odds ratio , socioeconomic status , educational attainment , confounding , confidence interval , cohort , relative risk , cohort study , tobacco control , psychology , population , public health , environmental health , developmental psychology , nursing , sociology , economics , economic growth

Despite abundant evidence that lower education is associated with a higher risk of smoking, whether the association is causal has not been convincingly established.

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