Commentary: Sunlight, vitamin D, and the cancer connection revisited

Cross HS, Pavelka M, Slavik J, Peterlik M. Growth control of human colon cancer cells by vitamin D and calcium in vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992;84:1355–57. 6 Hulla W, Kallay E, Krugluger W, Peterlik M, Cross HS. Growth control of human colon-adenocarcinoma-derived Caco-2 cells by vitamin-D compounds and extracellular calcium in vitro: relation to c-myconcogene and vitamin-D-receptor expression. Int J Cancer 1995;62:711–16. 7 Cross HS, Peterlik M, Egger H, Schuster I. Vitamin D metabolism in human colon adenocarcinoma-derived caco-2 cells. In: Norman AW, Bouillon R, Thomasset M (eds). In: Vitamin D—A Pluripotent Steroid Hormone: Structural Studies, Molecular Endocrinology and Clinical Applications. Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1994, pp. 174–75. 8 Cross HS, Peterlik M, Reddy GS, Schuster I. Vitamin D metabolism in human colon adenocarcinoma-derived Caco-2 cells: expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase activity and regulation of side-chain metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1997;62:21–28. 9 Bischof MG, Siu-Caldera ML, Weiskopf A et al. Differentiation-related pathways of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol metabolism in human colon adenocarcinoma-derived Caco-2 cells: production of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-3epi-cholecalciferol. Exp Cell Res 1998;241: 194–201. 10 Bareis P, Bises G, Bischof MG, Cross HS, Peterlik M. 25hydroxyvitamin D metabolism in human colon cancer cells during tumor progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;285:1012–17. 11 Bareis P, Kallay E, Bischof MG et al. Clonal differences in expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase, of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-24-hydroxylase, and of the vitamin D receptor in human colon carcinoma cells: effects of epidermal growth factor and 1alpha,25dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Exp Cell Res 2002;276:320–27. 12 Peterlik M, Cross HS. Vitamin D and calcium deficits predispose for multiple chronic diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2005;35:290–304. 13 Grant WB, Garland CF. A critical review of studies on vitamin D in relation to colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer 2004;48:115–23. 14 Whiting SJ, Calvo MS. Vitamin D and cancer symposium: Dietary recommendations to meet both endocrine and autocrine needs of Vitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol (in press). 15 Cross HS, Bareis P, Hofer H et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D(3)-1alphahydroxylase and vitamin D receptor gene expression in human colonic mucosa is elevated during early cancerogenesis. Steroids 2001;66: 287–92. 16 Bises G, Kallay E, Weiland T et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alphahydroxylase expression in normal and malignant human colon. J Histochem Cytochem 2004;52:985–89. 17 Cross HS, Bises G, Lechner D, Manhardt T, Kallay E. The Vitamin D endocrine system of the gut its possible role in colorectal cancer prevention. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 18 Cross HS, Kallay E, Lechner D, Gerdenitsch W, Adlercreutz H, Armbrecht HJ. Phytoestrogens and vitamin D metabolism: a new concept for the prevention and therapy of colorectal, prostate, and mammary carcinomas. J Nutr 2004;134:1207S–1212S. 19 Cross HS, Kallay E, Khorchide M, Lechner D. Regulation of extrarenal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3—relevance for colonic cancer prevention and therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2003;24: 459–65. 20 Kallay E, Bises G, Bajna E et al. Colon-specific regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases—a possible approach for tumor prevention. Carcinogenesis 2005;26:1581–89. 21 Cho E, Smith-Warner SA, SpiegelmanD et al. Dairy foods, calcium, and colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1015–22. 22 Martinez ME, Marshall JR, Sampliner R, Wilkinson J, Alberts DS. Calcium, vitamin D, and risk of adenoma recurrence (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:213–20. 23 Grau MV, Baron JA, Sandler RS et al. Vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and colorectal adenomas: results of a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1765–71.