Cleft lip/palate and educational attainment: cause, consequence or correlation? A Mendelian randomization study | Zendy

Christina Dardani | Zendy; Laurence J Howe | Zendy; Nandita Mukhopadhyay | Zendy; Evie Stergiakouli | Zendy; Yvonne Wren | Zendy; Kerry Humphries | Zendy; Amy Davies | Zendy; Karen Ho | Zendy; Seth M. Weinberg | Zendy; Mary L. Marazita | Zendy; Elisabeth Mangold | Zendy; Kerstin U. Ludwig | Zendy; Caroline L. Relton | Zendy; George Davey Smith | Zendy; Sarah J. Lewis | Zendy; Jonathan Sandy | Zendy; Neil M Davies | Zendy; Gemma C. Sharp | Zendy

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Cleft lip/palate and educational attainment: cause, consequence or correlation? A Mendelian randomization study

Author(s) -

Christina Dardani,

Laurence J Howe,

Nandita Mukhopadhyay,

Evie Stergiakouli,

Yvonne Wren,

Kerry Humphries,

Amy Davies,

Karen Ho,

Seth M. Weinberg,

Mary L. Marazita,

Elisabeth Mangold,

Kerstin U. Ludwig,

Caroline L. Relton,

George Davey Smith,

Sarah J. Lewis,

Jonathan Sandy,

Neil M Davies,

Gemma C. Sharp

Publication year - 2020

Publication title -

international journal of epidemiology

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 3.406

H-Index - 208

eISSN - 1464-3685

pISSN - 0300-5771

DOI - 10.1093/ije/dyaa047

Subject(s) - mendelian randomization , correlation , medicine , mendelian inheritance , educational attainment , randomization , dentistry , clinical trial , genetics , biology , mathematics , genetic variants , gene , genotype , economics , economic growth , geometry

Previous studies have found that children born with a non-syndromic orofacial cleft have lower-than-average educational attainment. Differences could be due to a genetic predisposition to low intelligence and academic performance, factors arising due to the cleft phenotype (such as social stigmatization, impaired speech/language development) or confounding by the prenatal environment. A clearer understanding of this mechanism will inform interventions to improve educational attainment in individuals born with a cleft, which could substantially improve their quality of life. We assessed evidence for the hypothesis that common variant genetic liability to non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) influences educational attainment.

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