The challenges of detecting and attributing ocean acidification impacts on marine ecosystems

Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA Geoecology and Carbonate Sedimentology Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Hawai’i, Maui College, HI, USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Marine Laboratory and Biology Department, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric