Open AccessAetiology of hypospadias: a systematic review of genes and environment
Author(s) -
Loes F.M. van der Zanden,
Iris A.L.M. van Rooij,
Wout Feitz,
Barbara Franke,
Nine V.A.M. Knoers,
Nel Roeleveld
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
human reproduction update
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.977
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 1362-4946
pISSN - 1355-4786
DOI - 10.1093/humupd/dms002
Subject(s) - hypospadias , etiology , medicine , biology , gynecology , endocrinology , genetics
Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia. Most cases have an unknown aetiology, which is probably a mix of monogenic and multifactorial forms, implicating both genes and environmental factors. This review summarizes current knowledge about the aetiology of hypospadias.
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