Unilateral hydrothorax as a sole and recurrent manifestation of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following in-vitro fertilization

Acute unilateral hydrothorax may appear as the sole extra-ovarian expression of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). This case report describes two such cases, in one of which the patient developed this rare complication in two consecutive ovarian stimulation cycles. Awareness is needed for the timely and appropriate diagnosis of this rare complication that occurs 9-14 days following human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration and may recur in consecutive stimulation cycles. Thoracocentesis and fluid balance maintenance are efficient modes of therapy resulting in good outcome.