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A new technique called transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy is described for the exploration of the tubo-ovarian structures in infertile patients without obvious pelvic pathology. It aims to be an acceptable alternative to diagnostic laparoscopy, a standard but not innocuous procedure which infrequently reveals pathology in the asymptomatic patient. Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy copy is performed under local anaesthesia using a small diameter optic with the patient in the dorsal position. Cavity distension is achieved with normal saline. Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy does not provide the familiar and panoramic view of the pelvis given by laparoscopy, but it does have several advantages. These include accurate and atraumatic inspection of adnexal structures without manipulation, with the opportunity to perform dye hydrotubation and salpingoscopy. The risks of a general anaesthetic are avoided, and there is less risk of trauma to major vessels. The high patient acceptability makes transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy suitable as an early stage procedure in the investigation of infertility and as a repeat or second look procedure. Minor operative procedures such as biopsy and adhesiolysis can also be performed. In patients with obvious pelvic pathology, diagnostic laparoscopy will obviously remain the procedure of choice. Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy deserves full evaluation of its accuracy, risks and benefits before it can be accepted as a new first line technique in gynaecological practice.

Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy as an outpatient procedure for infertility investigation