Examination of the safety of intracytoplasmic injection procedures by using bovine zygotes

We have evaluated the safety of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) procedures by using bovine zygotes. Bovine zygotes were injected with a small amount (2-3 pl) of either medium alone or medium containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (sham-ICSI, without spermatozoon) using the same procedure as ICSI, and the subsequent in-vitro embryonic development and embryo quality (number of cells/blastocyst) were examined. Control zygotes which had not been injected were similarly evaluated after in-vitro development. The sham-ICSI of either medium alone or medium containing PVP into bovine zygotes had no harmful effects on the rate of normal fertilization and on the rate of development to hatched blastocyst stage compared with those of controls (P > 0.05). In addition, no harmful effects were observed in the number of cells per blastocyst (embryo quality). The results suggest, for the first time, that the ICSI procedures currently used for animal and human ICSI are neither detrimental to embryonic development nor detrimental to embryo quality.