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Oil tea trees produce high-quality edible oils with desirably high oleic acid (18:1) and low linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) fatty acid (FA) levels, but the limited understanding of tea oil biosynthesis and regulation has become a significant obstacle for breeding of high-yield and quality oil tea varieties. By integrating metabolite and transcriptome analyses of the developing oil tea seeds, we dissected the critical metabolic pathways including glycolysis, fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, as well as genes essential for tea seed oil production. Two plastidic stearoyl-ACP desaturases (CoSAD1 and 2) and two ER-localized FA deasturases (CoFAD2 and 3) were functionally characterized responsible for high-18:1 and low-18:2 and-18:3 proportions in tea oils. Two diacylglycerols O-acyltransferases (CoDGAT1 and 2) that may prefer to synthesize 18:1-TAG were functionally characterized and might be also important for high 18:1-TAG production. The highly expressed CoWRI1a and b were identified and characterized as activators of glycolysis and regulators of directing source carbon flux into FA biosynthesis in developing oil tea seeds. The up-regulated CoSADs with down-regulated CoFAD2 and CoFAD3 at the late seed developmental stages mainly accounted for high 18:1 level. Two CoDGATs might be responsible for assembling TAGs with oleoyl acyl chains, whilst two CoWRI1s regulated carbons from parental sources partitioning into oil production in oil tea embryo sinks. This study provides a deep understanding of the biosynthesis of tea seed oils and information of genes that may be used as molecular markers to breed oil tea varieties with higher oil yield and quality.

horticulture research

Critical metabolic pathways and SAD/FADs, WRI1s, and DGATs cooperate for high-oleic acid oil production in developing oil tea (<i>Camellia oleifera)</i> seeds

Critical metabolic pathways and SAD/FADs, WRI1s, and DGATs cooperate for high-oleic acid oil production in developing oil tea (Camellia oleifera) seeds