Physical activity and exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes: understanding their needs using a person-centered approach

Physical activity is a key component in the management of diabetes, but most people do not engage in recommended levels of physical activity. A recent consensus statement on exercise management in type 1 diabetes (T1D) fails to mention behavioral change and the specific determinants impacting on exercise management. The aim of this study is to investigate the needs of adults with T1D around physical activity and the challenges they face. Using a person-centered approach, focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews recorded the perspectives of 67 adults aged ≥18 with diabetes. Four global themes were identified: (i) it's a balancing act, (ii) winging it, (iii) engagement and (iv) encouraging uptake. These findings suggest that adults with T1D find it difficult to manage their diabetes and physical activity and decision-making is based on trial and error with minimal input from healthcare professionals. Participants want more information to enable them to manage their diabetes and physical activity effectively. Adults with T1D face unique challenges in relation to physical activity. Participants reported key determinants for being active. Research is needed to understand how physical activity promotion is best developed for those with T1D and the preparedness of healthcare professionals for delivering guidance to adults with T1D.