Open AccessSocial Conditions and Distress in Elderly Persons: Findings From the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
Author(s) -
Laura D. Kubzansky,
Lisa F. Berkman,
Teresa E. Seeman
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
the journals of gerontology. series b, psychological sciences and social sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.578
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1758-5368
pISSN - 1079-5014
DOI - 10.1093/geronb/55.4.p238
Subject(s) - ethnic group , psychosocial , distress , socioeconomic status , gerontology , race (biology) , psychology , social support , clinical psychology , demography , medicine , psychiatry , population , social psychology , botany , sociology , anthropology , biology
The purpose of this study was to determine separate and joint associations of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) with psychological distress among older high-functioning adults and to examine 2 psychosocial resources that may explain these associations. Participants were 70-79-year-old individuals (n = 1,189) participating in the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging program, a 3-site study of community-dwelling men and women. Participants represented the top third of their peers in terms of functional ability in 1988. Additive and interactive models were used to examine cross-sectional associations among race/ethnicity, SES, and distress. Although decreases in distress generally occur with aging, findings suggest that social structural factors can influence distress even among elderly people. Blacks were less distressed than Whites when SES was controlled. There was a gradient between education and distress among Whites but not among Blacks. Measures of social support and control did not mediate effects of race/ethnicity on distress. These results differ from those of previous studies and indicate that age and functional status should be considered in examinations of relationships among race/ethnicity, SES, and distress.