MUTANTS OF TETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILA WITH TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE FOOD VACUOLE FORMATION. I. ISOLATION AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION

Germ-line mutants have been isolated in Tetrahymena thermophila that have recessive, temperature-sensitive defects in phagocytosis. Nitrosoguanidine-mutagenized cells were induced to undergo cytogamy, and clones were isolated that were unable to form food vacuoles after two days of growth at 39°. Most of the mutants belong to a single complementation group, designated vacA. They have defects in oral development—not in phagocytosis per se—that are undetectable under light microscopy. One fertile mutant, phenotypically indistinguishable from the vacA group, has its vac mutation(s) restricted to the macronucleus, and it is a heterokaryon for two other markers. This clone probably resulted from a failure of the two gametic nuclei to fuse after nor,mal exchange. Two additional mutants were studied, but their sterility prevented a full genetic analysis. One of these clones has a rudimentary oral apparatus and defective contractile vacuole pores; both defects may be determined by the same mutation. The other clone has a structurally normal oral apparatus and may be defective in phagocytosis per se.——The induction and characterization of germ-line mutations that affect oral development open the way for the genetic dissection of the morphogenesis of a complex eukaryotic organelle, and make available additional useful mutants for the study of nutrition and transmembrane active transport.