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The classification of 27 wild isolates assigned to Dictyostelium discoideum on the basis of morphological criteria was reexamined using probes specific for DNA sequences cloned from the type strain NC4. These probes included ones specific for ribosomal spacer DNA regions and for a ribosomal RNA coding sequence, as well as probes for two chromosomal gene families (actin and discoidin) and for the DIRS-1 transposable element. Four isolates (AC4, WS526, WS584 and ZA3A) which had previously been shown to have unusual mating characteristics were distinctly different from other isolates. We interpret these differences as indicating that the four atypical isolates represent species other than D. discoideum. Probes for the ribosomal spacer DNA either did not hybridize to the DNA of these four isolates or had decreased levels of hybridization to EcoRI restriction fragments of different lengths to that observed with the type strain. With the discoidin probe, all isolates had DNA fragments that hybridized but AC4, WS526, WS584 and ZA3A lacked a pair of fragments that were conserved in NC4 and other isolates. With the actin probe, AC4, WS526, WS584 and ZA3A lacked numerous fragments that the other isolates shared with NC4. The DIRS-1 probes showed strong hybridization with ZA3A and weak hybridization to the other three isolates; however, the major EcoRI fragment in WS526 and WS584 was smaller than that in NC4 while ZA3A and AC4 had fragments of similar size to that in NC4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The use of DNA probes for taxonomic study of dictyostelium wild isolates.