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A strain of Drosophila melanogaster, named gyn-F9, can reproduce by gynogenesis. On mating with a male sterile mutant, ms(3)K81, gyn-F9 females produced impaternate progeny at a rate of about 15 flies per female, which was almost 2000 times as frequent as that of the control. When the females were mated with normally fertile males, the number of offspring varied extremely from parent to parent, with average fertility being much lower than that of normal females. Nearly one-third of these bisexual progeny were either triploid females or intersexes. Among the rest of the progeny, some were diploid impaternates having developed without syngamy. The gynogenetic property of gyn-F9 is primarily governed by a few genes, most likely two recessive genes, one each located on the second and third chromosomes. The impaternates were found to restore their diploidy by the fusion of two nonsister nuclei out of the four egg pronuclei which result from the second meiotic division (central fusion). Although nondisjunction occurs frequently in the meiosis of gyn-F9, this is unlikely to bring about an appreciable number of diploid gametes developing into impaternates. Possible mechanisms of the evolutionary origin of parthenogenesis are discussed in relation to these findings.

GENETICS OF PARTHENOGENESIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. CHARACTERIZATION OF A GYNOGENETICALLY REPRODUCING STRAIN